How would you define feudalism in medieval Europe?

Feudalism in medieval Europe is best defined as a socio-political system based on land ownership. This system emerged during the early Middle Ages, primarily as a response to the need for protection and stability in a time marked by frequent invasions and social upheaval. At the core of feudalism is the relationship between landowners, known as lords, and those who worked the land, often serfs or vassals.

Lords granted parcels of land, known as fiefs, to vassals in exchange for military service and loyalty. This arrangement created a hierarchy within society, as power was distributed based on land ownership rather than wealth or birth alone. Land was the primary source of wealth and influence, and this relationship formed the backbone of economic and military organization throughout medieval Europe.

Understanding this definition provides insight into how feudalism influenced not only social structures but also governance and local economies during that period. It highlights the complexities of loyalty and obligation that were pervasive in relationships across the classes in medieval society.