What characterized the Renaissance period in Europe?

The Renaissance period in Europe, spanning roughly from the 14th to the 17th century, is characterized by a revival of classical learning and humanism. This era marked a significant cultural shift where scholars and artists turned to ancient Greek and Roman texts for inspiration. The emphasis on humanism brought a renewed appreciation for human potential and achievements, focusing on subjects such as literature, philosophy, and the arts.

This movement encouraged individuals to explore different perspectives on life, asking questions about human existence, ethics, and knowledge outside the realm of strict religious interpretation. Figures like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Erasmus embodied this spirit by their works that not only showcased human beauty and intellect but also engaged with philosophical ideas that stressed the importance of human experience.

In contrast, the other options reflect characteristics that were either less prominent or indicative of different historical contexts. The Renaissance was a period that sought to move beyond the strictly religious doctrines that had dominated the Middle Ages and instead embraced a broader intellectual inquiry. As for the rise of feudal systems, this had peaked during the medieval period preceding the Renaissance, which instead saw a shift toward more centralized forms of governance and the growth of cities. Similarly, trade routes were flourishing during the Renaissance, contributing to cultural exchanges and economic