The Jewish community that thrived in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages is known as the Sephardic Jews. This term specifically refers to Jews who settled in Spain and Portugal and are linked to a rich cultural and intellectual tradition that flourished during the medieval period. The Sephardic community made significant contributions to philosophy, science, and poetry, and they were well-integrated into the social fabric of Iberian society until the end of the 15th century, when the Alhambra Decree led to their expulsion from Spain.
In contrast, Ashkenazi Jews primarily settled in Central and Eastern Europe, and their cultural and religious practices differ significantly from those of the Sephardic Jews. Mizrahi Jews hail from the Middle East and North Africa, while Yemenite Jews represent a specific subgroup with unique traditions originating from Yemen. Therefore, the historical and geographical context of the Sephardic Jews distinguishes them from these other Jewish groups, affirming the correctness of the answer.