What significant event occurred in the late 7th century in the Islamic religion?

The split between Shiite and Sunni factions of Islam is a significant event that took place in the early years of the Islamic community, particularly becoming pronounced in the late 7th century. This division arose over questions regarding the rightful successor to the Prophet Muhammad, particularly after his death in 632 CE. Tensions escalated following the assassination of the third caliph, Uthman, and during the subsequent leadership of Ali, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law.

Supporters of Ali, who believed that leadership should stay within the Prophet's family, became known as Shiites. In contrast, those who supported the selection of leaders through consensus and community approval identified with what would become Sunni Islam. This schism not only shaped religious practices and beliefs within Islam but also led to political conflicts that manifested in subsequent historical events, such as the rise of factions and dynasties that would dominate different regions.

Understanding this division is crucial as it laid the groundwork for historical developments in Islamic culture, law, and politics. The conflict between Shiites and Sunnis persists in various forms to this day, influencing both religious practices and political dynamics in many Muslim-majority countries.