What were the major achievements of the Mayan civilization?

The achievements of the Mayan civilization are especially noted for their significant contributions to mathematics, astronomy, writing, and architecture, making it a pivotal culture in Mesoamerican history.

In mathematics, the Maya developed a sophisticated numerical system that included the concept of zero, which was revolutionary for its time. This enabled them to perform complex calculations that were essential for their astronomical observations and calendrical systems.

Their astronomical contributions included detailed observations of celestial bodies, which allowed them to create accurate calendars that were crucial for agricultural cycles and ritual activities. The Maya were highly skilled in predicting solar and lunar eclipses, demonstrating their advanced understanding of astronomy.

In writing, the Maya developed one of the most sophisticated writing systems in the pre-Columbian Americas, consisting of glyphs that represented sounds and ideas. This system was used for recording historical events, royal lineage, and religious texts, contributing to a rich body of literature and cultural identity.

Architecturally, the Maya are known for their impressive city-states, characterized by grand temple complexes, palaces, and pyramids made from limestone. The construction of these monumental structures reflects not only their architectural skills but also their organizational abilities in society, as such projects required considerable resources and labor.

These accomplishments underscore the Mayan