Which civilization is known for developing a major scholarly community in Cordoba during the Middle Ages?

The Islamic civilization is recognized for establishing a significant scholarly community in Cordoba during the Middle Ages, particularly in the 8th to the 10th centuries. Cordoba became a prominent center of learning and culture, known for its universities and libraries that attracted scholars from various parts of the world. During this period, scholars in Cordoba made remarkable advancements in various fields such as philosophy, science, mathematics, and medicine, contributing to the intellectual legacy of the Islamic Golden Age.

In contrast to the Islamic civilization, the Roman and Greek civilizations, while influential in their own right, were not primarily associated with the scholarly achievements specifically tied to Cordoba in the Middle Ages. The Roman civilization experienced its height earlier and was more focused on governance and engineering, while Greek civilization laid the foundational philosophical thought and arts but did not coincide with the specific developments in Cordoba. The Viking civilization, known more for its maritime and exploratory endeavors, also does not relate to the scholarly pursuits established in Cordoba during this time.