Which events led to the fall of Constantinople in 1453?

The fall of Constantinople in 1453 was primarily the result of the siege led by the Ottoman Empire, which marked a significant turning point in history. The Ottomans, under the leadership of Sultan Mehmed II, utilized advanced military strategies and artillery, including large cannons, to breach the formidable walls of the city. This siege lasted approximately two months and was characterized by intense warfare and strategic planning.

The fall of Constantinople symbolized the end of the Byzantine Empire and marked the rise of the Ottoman Empire as a dominant power in the region. This event also had profound implications for trade routes, cultural exchanges, and the balance of power between Europe and Asia. It ushered in a new era in both the history of Europe and the Mediterranean, affecting geopolitical dynamics for centuries to come.

The discovery of the New World, the construction of the Great Wall, and the Reformation of the Catholic Church, while significant events in their own rights, did not directly contribute to the fall of Constantinople. The siege by the Ottoman Empire stands out as the critical event that led to the city's capture.