Who was Cleopatra and her significance in Roman politics?

Cleopatra was the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt and played a crucial role in Roman politics during her reign. Her significance lies primarily in her strategic alliances with key Roman leaders, such as Julius Caesar and Mark Antony, which were vital for her own political survival and the broader geopolitical landscape of the Mediterranean. By aligning herself with these powerful figures, Cleopatra sought to protect Egypt from overt Roman conquest while simultaneously asserting her own influence. Her relationships with these leaders were not just romantic; they were politically motivated and aimed at strengthening Egypt’s position in relation to Rome.

This connection with Roman leaders is essential to understanding why she was a significant figure in Roman politics. Her actions and influence even extended to the eventual civil war within Rome between Octavian (later Augustus) and Antony, further illustrating her role in shaping events that would impact both Roman and Egyptian history.