Who was Martin Luther and why is he significant?

Martin Luther was a key figure in the Protestant Reformation, primarily known for his 95 Theses, which he famously nailed to the door of the All Saints' Church in Wittenberg in 1517. His theses challenged the sale of indulgences by the Catholic Church and called for a re-examination of church practices and beliefs. This act is widely considered to have initiated a movement that challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and led to significant theological and political changes in Europe.

Luther argued for salvation through faith alone, the priesthood of all believers, and the authority of Scripture over church tradition. His actions and writings not only sparked a religious revolution but also influenced broader societal and cultural transformations, including the rise of individualism and the questioning of established authority. Luther's significance extends beyond theology; he played a pivotal role in shaping modern views on faith, governance, and personal autonomy.