Why are Jews referred to as "the people of the book"?

Jews are referred to as "the people of the book" primarily because the Bible, particularly the Hebrew Scriptures (Tanakh), is central to Jewish religious life and identity. This phrase encapsulates the importance of scripture in Jewish tradition, where the Torah (the first five books of the Bible) is not just a historical document but is also viewed as a living guide for moral and ethical conduct, religious observance, and community cohesion.

The focus on the Bible emphasizes the deep connection Jews have with their sacred texts, which encompass laws, teachings, and narratives that shape their beliefs and practices. The study and interpretation of these texts form a significant part of Jewish education and life, reinforcing their status as a people whose identity and culture are intricately tied to their literary and religious heritage.

While literacy and the study of prayers and religious texts are important aspects of Jewish culture, the defining character of being "the people of the book" primarily originates from the central role of the Bible in their collective identity and religious tradition.